Unit+3

=**PART 1** =  Vocabulary **Define: estate, taille, consumer, bourgeoisie, exclusion, sans-culottes.** **People and Events** Identify: Louis XVI, Tennis Court Oath, Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, Olympe de Gouges.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen: fundamental document of the French Revolution, defining the individual and collective rights of all the estates of the realm as universal. Influenced by the doctrine of natural right, the rights of man are universal: valid at all times and in every place, pertaining to human nature itself.

Olympe de Gouges: 7 May 1748 – 3 November 1793 born **Marie Gouze**, was a French playwright and political activist whose feminist and abolitionist writings reached a large audience.

She began her career as a playwright in the early 1780s. As political tension rose in France, de Gouges became increasingly politically involved. She became an outspoken advocate for improving the condition of slaves in the colonies as of 1788. At the same time, she began writing political pamphlets. Today she is perhaps best known as an early feminist who demanded thatFrench women be given the same rights as French men.

Estate: a piece of landed property, esp. one of large extent with an elaborate house on it: //to have an estate in the country. //

Taille:a tax that was levied by a king or seigneuron his subjects or on lands <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">held under him and that becamesolely a royal tax in the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">15th <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">century from which the lordsand later the clergy were <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">exempt.

Consumer: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a person <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">or <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">thing that consumes.

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Bourgeoisie: the <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">class that, in contrast to the proletariat or <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">wage-earning <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">class, is primarily concerned with property values.

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Exclusion: an act <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">or instance of excluding.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">

Sans-culottes: the poorer members of the Third Estate



QUESTIONS

1 - What two events were witnessed by the world in 1789? The beginning of a new United States of America and the beginning of the French Revolution

2 - What did the French Revolution try to create? a new social order 3 - What was one of the most powerful ideas to come from the French Revolution? the people were the nation. 4 - List and give the approximate size (population) of the Three Estate? clergy(130,000), nobility(350,000), and the third party(80%) 5 - List how the third estate was divided occupation, levels of education, and wealth. peasants, middle-class, urban craftspeople, shopkeepers, workers, merchants, bankers, manufacturers, lawyers, public officials, doctors and journalists. 6 - How were the bourgeoisie similar to the nobility? hey shared certain ideas with the nobility. 7 - What were some of the causes of the financial crisis facing France? bad harvests, slowdown in manufacturing, food shortages, price rising for food, and unemployment. 8 - When and where did the meeting of the Estates-General happen Versailles on May 5, 1789 9 - When was the National Assembly appointed? June 17, 1789 10 - What was the Bastile and what happened to it? it was a armory and prison in Paris, and it was dismantled by the Parisians. 11 - Describe the Great Fear fear that the National Assembly would be stopped by foreign armies. 12 - What happened on August 4, 1789? All men were free and equal before the law, that appointment to public office should be based on talent, and that no group should be exempt from taxation. 13 - What were some of the ideas listed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man? All men were free and equal before the law, that appointment to public office should be based on talent, and that no group should be exempt from taxation. 14 - What was the reaction of women to exclusion? They refused to accept the exclusion from political rights 15 - Describe the events of October 5th 16 - How did the National Assembly increase revenue? 17 - Describe the first constitution for France in 1791 18 - Which empire threatened war unless the king was restored? Austria 19 - Outline the creation of the Paris commune in 1792 (you may need wikipedia). 20 - What groups in France in 1791 opposed the new order? sans-culottes

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**People and Events** Identify: Georges Danton, Jean-Paul Marat, Jacobins, Committee of Public Safety, Maximilien Robespierre, Reign of Terror, the Directory. Georges Danton:(1759–1794) Initially an ally of Robespierre, he later revolted against the severity of the Revolutionary Tribunal and was executed on Robespierre's orders. was a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution and the first President of the Committee of Public Safety. Danton's role in the onset of the Revolution has been disputed; many historians describe him as "the chief force in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic" Jacobins: (1789–1794)was the most famous political club of the French Revolution, so-named because of the Dominican convent where they met, located in the Rue St. Jacques (Latin: Jacobus), Paris. The club originated as the Club Benthorn, formed at Versailles from a group of Breton deputies attending the Estates General of 1789 At the height of its influence, there were thousands of chapters throughout France, with a membership estimated at 420,000. After the fall of Robespierre the club was closed. Committee of Public Safety: April 1793 created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793, formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror (1793–1794), a stage of the French Revolution. It was set up to oversee the defence of the new republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion. Under war conditions and with national survival seemingly at stake, the Jacobins, under Maximilien Robespierre, centralized denunciations, trials, and executions under the supervision of this committee of first nine and later twelve members. The Directory: 2 November 1795 – 10 November 1799 was a body of five Directors that held executive power in France following the Convention and preceding the Consulate. The period of this regime (2 November 1795 until 10 November 1799), commonly known as the Directory (or Directoire) era, constitutes the second to last stage of the French Revolution. ======



1 - What was the name of Marat's newspaper?: friend of the people 2 - What group was supposed to draft a new constitution but also governed the country?: The National Convention 3 - What happened September 21 1792?: abolish of monarchy and the beginning of the French Revolution. 4 - What were the two main factions in French politics: Girondins and the Mountain. 5 - Describe the crisis of foreign affairs in 1792 and 1793: disputes between the 2 factions, the commune pressured the national convention to adopt more radical measures. 6 - Which group acted to protect France from "external" threats? The Committee of Public Safety 7 - How many people were killed during the revolution? 40,000 8 - Which cities was made an example of? Nantes 9 - What terms replaced "mister" and "madame"? citizen and citezeness 10 - What were some steps taken to control inflation? they tried to control prices of food, fuel and clothing. 11 - Describe de-Christinization and what were some of the steps taken? 12 - Why did de-Christinization fail? 13 - What document was issued August 23, 1793 a degree for national mobilization. 14 - what was the difference between the French Revolutionary Army and other armies? it was created by a people government 15 - What happened July 28, 1794 and why? 16 - When "the Terror" ended what steps did the National Convention take? it restricted the power of the committee of public safety, the churches were allowed to reopen, and a new constitution was created. 17 - How many people were eligible to elect the directory? 30,000 18 - What were two challenges the Directory faced: known for corruption and loaned the government money with high interest rates 19 - What did the Directory do in an effort to stay in power they began to rely on the military 20 - Why was the government of the Directory unpopular? because they faced massive challenges.