Unit+5

Unit 5

Terms
Part 1

Vocabulary Define: generator, transform, assembly line, mass production, emerge, proletariat, dictatorship, revisionist. People Identify: Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Guglielmo Marconi, Karl Marx. 1. generator:a thing that generates something 2. transform: make a thorough or dramatic change in the form, appearance, or character 3. assembly line: a series of workers and machines in a factory by which a succession of identical items is progressively assembled 4. mass production: produce large quantities of something by an automated mechanical process 5. emerge: move out of or away from something and come into view 6. proletariat: workers or working-class people, regarded collectively 7. dictatorship: government by a dictator 8. revisionist: a policy of revision or modification, esp. of Marxism on evolutionary Part 2 Vocabulary Define: innovation, objec- tive, feminism, literacy. People Identify: Florence Nightingale, Emmeline Pankhurst. 1. innovation: a new method, product or idea 2. objective: not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts 3. feminism: the advocacy of women's rights on the grounds of political, social, andeconomic equality to men 4. literacy: the ability to read and write

Part 3 Vocabulary Define: ministerial respon- sibility, crucial, compensation, Duma. People Identify: Otto von Bismarck, William II, Francis Joseph, Nicholas II, Queen Liliuokalani. 1. ministerial responsibility: Is a newer form of government in the 1800's 2. crucial: decisive or critical, esp. in the success or failure of something 3. compensation: something, typically money, awarded to someone as a recompense for loss, injury, or suffering 4. Duma: a legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia and of some other republics of the former USSR

Part 4 Vocabulary Define: psychoanalysis, Social Darwinism, discrimination, pogrom, annually, modernism, reinforce. People Identify: Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso, Frank Lloyd Wrigh 1. psychoanalysis: a system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dreaminterpretation and free association. 2. Social Darwinism: the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals 3. discrimination: the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, esp. on the grounds of race, age, or sex 4. pogrom: an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe 5. annually: occurring once every year 6. modernism: modern character or quality of thought, expression, or technique 7. reinforce: strengthen or support, esp. with additional personnel or material

Part 1
1. What commodities were a part of the Second Industrial Revolution? 2. Name one major industrial change between 1870 and 1914. 3. Electricity could be converted into what other forms of energy? 4. Why could Europeans afford to buy more consumer products? 5. Which part of Europe remained largely agricultural and little industrialized? 6. What two types of transportation contributed to the advancement of a true world economy? 7. Who wrote The Communist Manifesto? 8. According to Karl Marx, what two groups of society would grow more and more hostile toward one another? 9. What did the German Social Democratic Party become in 1912? 10. What did pure Marxists believe about capitalism? 11. Why would workers organize in a labor union?

1. What commodities were a part of the Second Industrial Revolution? 2. Name one major industrial change between 1870 and 1914. 3. Electricity could be converted into what other forms of energy? 4. Why could Europeans afford to buy more consumer products? 5. Which part of Europe remained largely agricultural and little industrialized? 6. What two types of transportation contributed to the advancement of a true world economy? 7. Who wrote The Communist Manifesto? 8. According to Karl Marx, what two groups of society would grow more and more hostile toward one another? 9. What did the German Social Democratic Party become in 1912? 10. What did pure Marxists believe about capitalism? 11. Why would workers organize in a labor union?

1. steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum. 2. the substitution of steel for iron. 3. heat light and motion 4. There was more demand for goods, and European's wages increased after about 1870 5. southern Italy, Spain, Portugal, the Balkans, Russia, and most of Austria- Hungary 6. steamship and railroad 7. Karl Marx 8. oppressor and oppressed 9. four million Germans voted for SPD candidates. 10. So-called pure Marxists thought that only a violent revolution could defeat capitalism. 11. To improve their conditions, workers organized in a union.

** Part 2 **
By the end of the nineteenth century, industrialization had led to the emergence of a (1) ** xxxxx **society where the lower classes were concentrated in cities. Municipal governments made innovations in (2) ** xxxxx ** and sanitation so that many more people could survive living close together. At the top of European society stood a wealthy (3) ** xxxxx **. This group made up only 5 percent of the population but controlled 30 to 40 percent of the (4) ** xxxxx **. The (5) ** xxxxx **classes consisted of lawyers, doctors, members of the civil service, business managers, engineers, architects, accountants, and chemists. The European middle classes believed in (6)** xxxxx **, which was open to everyone and guaranteed to have positive results. The working classes were (7) ** xxxxx **peasants, farm laborers, and sharecroppers. (8)** xxxxx **labor was made up of day laborers and domestic servants who were mostly women. The (9) ** xxxxx **Industrial Revolution opened the door to new jobs for women. By the 1840s and 1850s, the movement for women’s rights expanded as women called for equal (10) ** xxxxx **rights. Between 1870 and 1914, most Western governments financed (11) ** xxxxx **education. Both boys and girls between the ages of 6 and 12 were now required to attend school. The most immediate result of public education was an increase in (12) ** xxxxx **. New forms of (13) ** xxxxx **appeared in society. Leisure came to be viewed as what people do for (14) ** xxxxx **after work. 1. mass 2. housing 3. elite 4. wealth 5. middle 6. hard work 7. landholding 8. day 9. second 10. political 11. primary 12. literacy 13. leisure 14. fun

** Part 3 **
I. By the late nineteenth century in European nations, especially in Western Europe, ** xxxxx ** was becoming well established. A. In Great Britain, the ** xxxxx **and ** xxxxx **Parties alternated in power. B. With the set up of the Third French Republic, France’s new government had a ** xxxxx ** and a ** xxxxx **. C. Constant turmoil between ** xxxxx **and ** xxxxx **weakened the social fabric of Italy.

II. The ** xxxxx **and ** xxxxx ** European nations pursued much different policies from their western counterparts. A. In Germany, ministers of government were responsible not to parliament but to the ** xxxxx **. B. Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria-Hungary largely ** xxxxx ** the parliament, issuing his own decrees and laws. C. Nicolas II of Russia believed the ** xxxxx ** power of the should be preserved.

III. Four years of Civil War had preserved the American ** xxxxx **. A. By 1900, the United States had become the world’s ** xxxxx ** nation, but wealth was very ** xxxxx **distributed. B. America gained control over ** xxxxx **, ** xxxxx **, ** xxxxx **, ** xxxxx ** , and the ** xxxxx **.

IV. When Emperor William II of Germany fired Bismarck and dropped a treaty with Russia, ** xxxxx ** concluded a military alliance with Russia.

V. A series of crises in the between set the stage for World War I. A. In 1908, Austria-Hungary took the step of ** xxxxx **Bosnia and Herzegovina. B. The Russians supported the ** xxxxx ** in opposing the Austrian annexation. C. By 1914 the conflict had grown intense. The Serbians blamed ** xxxxx **for their inability to expand Serbia. 1. democracy 2. liberal 3. conservative 4. president 5. labor 6. industry 7. Bismarck 8. German 9. emperor 10. ignored 11. czar 12. nation 13. richest 14. puerto rico 15. guam 16. hawaii 17. sugar industry 18. philippines 19. france 20. dastric 21. serbs 22. Austria-Hungary

** Part 4 **

 * Before 1914, ** xxxxx **, ** xxxxx **, and ** xxxxx ** were still important words to Europeans.
 * Science offered a certainty of belief in the ** xxxxx **of nature.
 * The French scientist Marie Curie discovered that ** xxxxx ** gave off energy from within itself.
 * Albert Einstein published his theory of ** xxxxx ** which stated that space and time are not absolute but are relative to the observer.
 * According to Sigmund Freud, human behavior was strongly determined by ** xxxxx ** experiences and ** xxxxx ** forces.
 * ** xxxxx **, pioneered by Freud, developed into a major profession.
 * Social ** xxxxx ** was the theory that social progress came from “the struggle for survival” as the “fit” advanced and the “weak” declined.
 * In Germany and Austria-Hungary during the 1880s and 1890s, new parties arose that used ** xxxxx ** to win the votes of people who felt threatened by changing times.
 * The symbolist writers believed that it was not possible to know the ** xxxxx ** world.
 * Impressionists rejected the studios where artists had traditionally worked and went out into the ** xxxxx ** to paint nature directly.
 * For Postimpressionist Vincent Van Gogh, art was a ** xxxxx ** experience.
 * Functionalism was the idea that buildings, like the products of machines, should be ** xxxxx **
 * Russian composer Igor Stravinsky’s expressive sounds and bold rhythms were so revolutionary, the audience nearly rioted at his ** xxxxx ** ballet.

1. reason 2. science 3. progress 4. orderlines 5. radium 6. relativity 7. past 8. mental 9. Psychoanalysis 10. darwinism 11. appeals 12. object world 13. countryside 14. spiritual 15. useful 16. rite of spring