unit+7

=Part #1 =

The Decline of the Qing Dynasty decline: is a change over time from previously efficient to inefficient organizational functioning, from previously rational to non-rational organizational and individual decision-making, from previously law-abiding to law violating organizational and individual behavior, from previously virtuous to iniquitous individual moral behavior. extraterritoriality: is the state of being exempt from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations. Extraterritoriality can also be applied to physical places, such as military bases of foreign countries, or offices of the United Nations. self-strengthening: was a period of institutional reforms initiated during the late Qing Dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers. spheres of influence: is an area or region over which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military or political influence. ensure: Open Door policy: is a concept in foreign affairs, which usually refers to the policy around 1900 allowing multiple Imperial powers access to China, with none of them in control of that country indemnity: security or protection against a loss or other financial burden.
 * Define**:
 * Identify**: Hong Xiuquan, Guang Xu, Empress Dowager Ci Xi, John Hay.

1. Give one important reason for the abrupt decline and fall of the Qing dynasty. one important reason for the abrupt decline and fall of the Qing dynasty was the intense external pressure applied to chinese society by the modern west. 2. What three things highlighted the growing weakness of the Qing dynasty? corruptioin, peasant unrest, and incompetance are the three things that highlighted the growing weakness of the Qing dynasty. 3. Explain what it means that the British had an unfavorable trade balance in China. they imported more goods from China than they exported to China. 4. What did the British trade with China to settle the unfavorable trade balance? After trying to trade silver with China failed, the British turned to trading opium. 5. When did the Qing dynasty make peace with Britain? they made peace in 1842. 6. What factors led to the Tai Ping Rebellion? Chinese government tried to modernize its military forces and build up industry without imposing on the basic elements of Chinese culture. Railroads, weapons factories, and shipyards were built, but the Chinese value system remained unchanged. 7. What did the Chinese government agree to in the Treaty of Tianjin? Provisions for the opening of additional ports to unrestricted foreign trade, for fixed tariffs; for the recognition of both countries as equal in correspondence; and for the cession of Hong Kong to Britain 8. What is meant by the term “self-strengthening”? The Qing court finally began to listen to reformers who supported a policy they called. They wanted China to adopt Western technology, but to keep its Confucian values. 9. How were spheres of influence created in China? After the Tai Ping Rebellion, warlords in the provinces began to negotiate directly with foreign nations. In return for money, the warlords granted these nations exclusive trading rights or railroad-building and mining privileges. In this way, Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan all established spheres of influence in China. 10. What edicts did Guang Xu issue during the One Hundred Days of Reform? Calling for major political, administrtive, and educational reform 11. What effect did the American Open Door policy have on the spheres of influence? It loosened restrictions on trade among the imperialist powers within the spheres. 12. What prompted the Boxer Rebellion? Chinese anger with foreign control led to the boxer rebellion

=**Part #2 ** = Revolution in China

provincial: of or concerning a province of a country or empire. transition: the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another. commodity: a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee. integrate: combine (one thing) with another so that they become a whole.
 * Define**:


 * Identify**: Sun Yat-sen, Henry Pu Yi, General Yuan Shigai.#1 - What were the three stages of reform proposed by Sun Yat-sen?

After the (1) ** XXXXX ** Rebellion, Empress Ci Xi embraced a number of reforms in education, administration, and the legal system. Elections for a national (2)
 * XXXXX ** were even held in 1910. The emerging elite were angry to discover that elected assemblies could not pass laws but could only give (3)
 * XXXXX ** to the ruler.

Sun Yat-sen developed a three-stage reform process that included a (4) ** XXXXX ** takeover, a transitional stage before democratic rule, and then finally a constitutional (5)
 * XXXXX **. In 1905 Sun united radical groups from across China; these groups became the (6)
 * XXXXX **. After the Qing dynasty collapsed in 1911, Sun’s party turned to (7)
 * XXXXX **, who controlled the army. With no new political or social order, the events of 1911 were less a revolution than a (8)
 * XXXXX ** of the old order. General Yuan dissolved a new parliament, the Nationalists launched a rebellion, and Sun Yat- sen fled to (9)
 * XXXXX **. At the death of General Yuan in 1916, China slipped into (10)
 * XXXXX **.

1. Boxer 2. Assembly 3. Advice 4. Military 5. Democracy 6. Nationalist Party 7. General Yuan Shigai 8. collapse 9. japan 10. civil war

=**Part #3 ** = Rise of Modern Japan

concession - a thing that is granted, esp. in response to demands; a thing conceded prefecture - a district under the government of a prefect compensate - for loss, suffering, or injury, typically by the award of a sum of money equip - supply with the necessary items for a particular purpose succession - a number of people or things sharing a specified characteristic and following one after the other
 * Define**:


 * Identify**: Matthew Perry, Millard Fillmore, Mutsuhito, Ito Hirobumi.

I. By 1800, Japan was ** Isolated **from all contact with the outside world. A. The first foreign power to succeed with Japan was the ** United States **. B. Japan agreed to the Treaty of ** Kanagua **, opening ports to Western traders.

II. The decision to open relations with the West was highly controversial in parts of Japan. A. In 1863, the **Sat-Cho **was forced to promise to end relations with the West. B. A Sat-Cho army attacked the palace in Kyoto in 1868 and declared the restoration of the authority of the Shogunate.

III. New leaders transformed Japan into a modern **Western **nation.

A. Meiji reformers undertook a careful study of Land Ownership political systems. B. Meiji leaders set up a new system of expansion. C. The new army was well equipped and military service was 3 years.

IV. The Japanese began their expansion in 1874. A. Japan’s navy forced Koreans to open their ports to Japanese trade. B. Japan went to war with both China and Russia. C. The United States was the first to recognize Japanese ** rule  **of Korea.

V. The wave of Western ideas that entered Japan altered Japanese culture. A. The Japanese were dazzled by European literature. B. Technical specialists from Europe and the United States were invited to come to Japan and teach. C. In 1889, the Tokyo School of Fine Arts was established. D. Japanese culture became fashionable in Europe and North America.

The coming of Westerners to China affected the Chinese economy by introduc- ing modern (11) ** XXXXX ** and (12) ** XXXXX ** went to foreign countries rather than back into the Chinese economy. In 1800, daily life for most Chinese was the same as it had been for (14) ** XXXXX ** began to introduce Western books, paintings, music, and ideas to China. Western literature and art became popular in China, especially among the (17)
 * XXXXX **, creating an export market and integrating the Chinese market into the nineteenth-century world economy. In this new economy, local industry was largely destroyed, and many of the (13)
 * XXXXX **. A visitor to China 125 years later would have seen many people in the cities who were (15)
 * XXXXX ** and wealthy, affected by the growing presence of Western culture. (16)
 * XXXXX **.

11. transportation 12. Communications 13. profits 14. Centuries 15. Educated 16. intellectuals 17. Urban middle class